Thursday 26 April 2018

Notes as read in an Online Booklet titled, "Understanding Myeloma" published online by Leukaemia Foundation

Below Text is kind courtesy: Leukemia Foundation

I am sharing the same here with due credit purely for educational purposes and to help you, the reader, understand the theory behind all the Tests and Diagnostic symptoms outlined in my previous post


“Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells (mature B-lymphocytes) that usually arises in the bone marrow. Myeloma develops when plasma cells undergo a cancerous, or malignant change and become myeloma cells. These myeloma cells multiply without any proper order, forming collections known as tumours that accumulate in different parts of the body, especially in the bone marrow and on the surfaces of different bones in the body. These tumours secrete chemicals that stimulate other bone marrow cells (osteoclasts) to remove calcium from the bone. As a result bones can become weaker, more brittle and break more easily.

Under normal conditions, plasma cells produce immunoglobulins or antibodies that help protect the body from infection and disease. Myeloma cells produce an abnormal type of immunoglobulin called paraprotein, (also known as monoclonal immunoglobulin, myeloma protein, or simply M protein). This can be detected in the blood. Sometimes excessive amounts of fragments of immunoglobulin known as light chains are produced. These light chains can be detected in the blood and they also appear in the urine. Light chains detected in the urine are called Bence-Jones protein. Some light chains can cause kidney damage.

As myeloma cells multiply, they crowd the bone marrow and prevent it from making normal numbers of red cells, white cells and platelets. Myeloma cells can also interfere with the production of normal antibodies. This can make people with myeloma anaemic, more susceptible to infections and to bleeding and bruising more easily.

Myeloma is diagnosed using information gathered from a number of different tests. These include a physical examination, blood tests, urine tests, a bone marrow biopsy, x-rays and other more specialised bone imaging tests.

A diagnosis of myeloma is only made when there is evidence that organ damage has occurred as a result of the disease. This damage is summarised by the acronym CRAB:
C – hypercalcaemia
R – renal impairment
A – anaemia or bone marrow failure
B – bone disease

BLOOD AND URINE TESTS TO DIAGNOSE MYELOMA
Serum protein and serum electrophoresis are tests carried out to measure the amount and type of paraprotein in your blood. These are simple tests that require a sample of your blood, which is usually taken from a small vein in your arm or hand.

Parts of the paraprotein known as ‘light chains’ or Bence Jones protein may be filtered out of the blood in the kidneys and passed in the urine. Urine electrophoresis is a test used to measure the amount of protein in the urine. You may be asked to collect all of the urine you pass in a 22-hour period so that the amount of light chains you are passing during this period can be measured. This simply involves collecting all the urine you pass during this period into a large container and returning it to the hospital the following day. Your doctor or nurse will supply you with a suitable container for this collection.

It is important to measure the amount of paraprotein present in your blood and/or urine as this reflects the extent of myeloma at the time of diagnosis. This information provides a baseline which can be compared with later results to see how you are progressing.

BONE MARROW BIOSPY
A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a sample of bone marrow, usually from the back of the iliac crest (hip bone) to count the number of plasma cells present and to see how well the bone marrow is functioning. Under normal conditions plasma cells make up less than 5% of all the cells within the bone marrow. In myeloma the number is frequently over 30% or more.

The bone marrow biopsy may be done in the haematologist’s rooms or clinic under local anaesthesia or, in selected cases, under a short general anaesthetic in a day procedure unit. A mild sedative and a pain-killer is given beforehand and the skin is numbed using a local anaesthetic. This is given as an injection under the skin. The injection takes a minute or two, and you should feel only a mild stinging sensation.

After allowing time for the local anaesthetic to work, a long thin needle is inserted through the skin and outer layer of bone into the bone marrow cavity. A syringe is attached to the end of the needle and a small sample of bone marrow fluid is drawn out - this is called a ‘bone marrow aspirate’. Then a slightly larger needle is used to obtain a small core of bone marrow which will provide more detailed information about the structure of the bone marrow and bone - this is known as a ‘bone marrow trephine’.

A small dressing or plaster over the biopsy site can be removed the next day. There may be some mild bruising or discomfort, which usually is managed effectively by paracetamol.

Our Tryst at Hospital No. 3, Multiple Myeloma gets diagnosed


26th July 2012 (Day 1 at Hospital No.3)

This was my first ever experience of getting a loved one admitted at a Hospital, I was clueless as to how these things work. I did not know one has to do so much paperwork and then ‘wait’ to be allotted a bed and a room.

We were asked to wait for about an hour in the Waiting Area of the OPD Section and during that waiting period, hell broke loose on ‘us’, my Mother went to the OPD Washroom to defecate and then a the Toilet attendant came running to me (Mom would have described her what I was wearing etc.) and told me my mom is in trouble and she is calling out for me. I rushed inside the Washroom and she showed me the pot filled with blood. I called up N-3 and she asked me to get a Wheelchair and rush my mother to Emergency and she will call up the Reception and the Emergency Room. I did as the Doctor instructed, with my heart pounding away. I had never seen my Mom on a wheelchair, leave aside having seen her on a Hospital bed in an Emergency Room (ER).

My mother called me over to her as she laid on that Bed in the ER and took a promise from me that come what may, I will not cry, so I decided to be strong and hide my tears and fears from her. It was easier said that done.

I just kept listening to the Doctors, N-3 now told me that, since my mother had lost so much blood through her rectal region, before conducting any other tests or Bone Marrow biopsy (which was the reason I had brought her over to Hospital No. 3 that day) their team of Doctors now needs to monitor her or keep her under observation in the Medical ICU (MICU) over the next 24 hours and identify the reason for the Rectal bleeding and if need be, they will give her a blood transfusion as well to compensate for the blood loss as in any case she was anemic because of her kidneys not functioning well lately.

It all made sense to me and I agreed to my mother being shifted to the MICU at Hospital No.3. MICU was this big ward with about 8 beds, separated by these green-colored curtains and each bed having a lot of life support machines and IV Stands placed next to it. They also did an Ultrasound (USG) of the Abdomen.

That night, 1 unit of PRBC was transfused.

She was not being allowed to eat anything though and was being given Glucose through an Intravenous route (I/V as the medicos say).

She was feeling terribly hungry is what I remember but the Doctors didn’t allow her to consume solid food.

I was only allowed to meet her during the MICU Meeting Hours which were for 1 hour in the morning and 1 hour in the Evening, or whenever my mom asked for me, they would call out for me from the Attendant’s Lounge which had Recliners or chairs for Attendants (whose patients are in MICU or ICU)  to sleep on…I thought that night that perhaps the experience of travelling alone and being on my own to so many different countries and cities, staying in hostels and travelling on a new route every day over the past two months helped prepare me for this lonely and haunting night in the Attendant’s Lounge. There was no running away, I had to live with it, and muster courage to overcome my fears and uncertainty.

I did not know what to expect from the next day, all I could do was keep the faith and pray myself to sleep that night.



Medical Notes from that day 26th July 2012:

Quoting the Hospital’s Discharge summary, this is what they admitted my mother for: “56 year old female presented with the complaint of one episode of passing large amount of frank blood per rectum after having pain in abdomen on 26.7.12 in OPD Toilet. She was immediately put on wheelchair and taken to Emergency Room. She was found to be tachycardiac, hypotensive and pale. She was fluid resuscitated and shifted to MICU. There is no history of similar medical episode in her past. On investigation, she was found to be anemic and 1Unit PRBC was also transfused. Her vitals were carefully monitored”

27th July 2012 (Day 2 at Hospital No.3)

I got up many times the previous night, then as the sun rose, I got up, anxiously waiting for the clock to strike 10am so that I could go and see Mom at the MICU. There was just one Toilet (not even a washroom) attached to the Attendant’s Lounge. I took an old mineral water bottle and taking water in it from the washbasin, had a bath and refreshed myself that morning to gear up for another day in the Hospital.

A Nurse from the MICU came calling out for me, I panicked and ran…MICU was at the other end of the log corridor. I barged the door open, and was relieved to see Mummy up and awake, she had just been given a sponge bath by the Nurse and was looking better than the day before. She was about to have Tea and sandwich, which she had forcefully asked the Hospital staff for, as she was feeling terribly hungry. As soon as she saw me, the first question she asked me was whether or not I had food, last night and this morning? I nodded and told her that I did have my meals in the Cafeteria downstairs. It was only after hearing that did she start sipping her Tea. She told me she passed black coloured stools that morning, I later learned black coloured stools are because of stale blood (from yesterday) and these black stools are termed ‘Melena’. As per what I read over the Internet, “Melena refers to dark black, tarry stools that are associated with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding”.

I was asked to leave the MICU after a while by the Hospital staff.

I moved outside and kept standing in the area facing the MICU Door, hoping to meet the Doctors attending to my mother and asking them the way forward. No one came. And then I interacted with an Uncle-Aunty (they must be in their late 50s), they asked me how was I related to my patient inside the MICU, I told them, “she is my mother”, I asked who were they tending to, Uncle replied, “my father is inside”. I asked them what’s wrong with their father, Uncle disgustingly replied, “when we got him to the Hospital, a week back, he was just having cold and fever; now every possible organ in his body has gone wrong, he has slipped into Coma, they are calling the Neurosurgeon today, they keep asking us to get one expensive medicine after the other, but are not letting us see our patient; we don’t even know what they are giving to him and doing to him; so my advice to you is to keep an eye on everything that they are giving to your mother, don’t take things for granted here, Be vigilant, ask questions”, I nodded in my stunned state after having heard all that.

I thought to myself, “was meeting this Uncle my destiny? Was it God’s way of communicating with me at that hour, as I too was all alone in the Hospital, there was no one I could speak to over the phone on this, no elder besides me, no family member, no cousin, the only person I was speaking to was my brother, who was 3 years younger to me and who was at home, managing work, home and our pets

Then in the afternoon, I was called inside by the Nurse to sign a Consent form to allow attest named “Sigmoidoscopy” to be performed on my Mom by the hospital’s Gastroenterologist, whom I will hereafter refer to as GI-1. They also gave me an Information leaflet alongside the Consent form, which explained what the procedure was all about and the steps involved; as I read it, I told my mother about the procedure as well and briefed her that they will soon be giving her a solution called PEGLAC. She said they had just given a 1 liter solution to her in a bottle and she had consumed 75% of it, she said pointing to the Bottle beside her on the table. She also said she was feeling uneasy ever since and they had told her that they will soon give her 1 more bottle of the solution.

I interrogated the staff as to why did they not ask me before giving Mom that 1 litre of PEGLAC, I assertively told them that “they are wrong in taking my consent for a test whose procedure they had already started”, as I was saying all this my mother’s health deteriorated, she started feeling nauseated, vomited and contracted a severe bout of Diarrhea, she kept rushing to the Toilet every few minutes, she was exhausted. I made my disgruntlement clear to the Doctors and the MICU Staff. The plan to conduct Sigmoidoscopy was dropped by GI-1 for that day and instead I was asked by N-3 if the Hematologist, whom I will now onwards refer to as H-1 should conduct ‘Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration’ to identify the reason behind the presence of ‘Kappa light chains’ in Mom’s SPEP Test, the very reason I had got Mom admitted for. I gave my consent for it and the Tests were performed by H-1’s subordinate, later that night, N-3 broke the news to me, that ‘My mom has Multiple Myeloma, a form of Blood Cancer’. Upon me asking her on treatment for this disease, she also told me a tentative line of treatment that Mummy would be put on beginning tomorrow, which included a 4 day course of 40mg of Dexamethasone (Injection under the brand name of ‘Dexona’) to be administered to her on each of the days.



The Nephrology Team at Hospital no. 3 had also reviewed my mom’s Renal Biopsy Slides (Renal Biopsy was performed by N-2 and N-1 at Hospital No.2) and concluded that the slides showed ‘chronic interstitial nephritis and the tubules were free of myeloma casts’.

Those were the days of poor 2G speed phone Internet and I tried to log onto the Internet over my phone the whole of that night trying to understand what the disease was and I prepared a set of questions, doubts if I can say so to ask of both N-3 and H-1 the next morning.

As it was about to be midnight, again a Nurse from the MICU Called out for me in the Attendant’s Lounge, she said “your mom is asking for you”. As I went to meet Mummy, she showed me her bruised arms and complained that a Doctor in the MICU had tried to take out her blood samples thrice and failed, she was crying and telling her to stop her from doing so. My mom is mentally, a very strong individual; to see her breaking down that way was painful for me, but that meant that I, mincing no words, told the MICU Staff to not touch my mother without my consent hereafter, the Nurse-in charge got infuriated and she told me that I should write this down on a piece of paper so that they can show it to the MICU Duty Doctor in case they ask any of them to perform a procedure on my mom. I wrote it all very clearly and signed that piece of paper. I then reassured Mummy that they will not do anything to you in my absence.


I left the MICU as I was asked to by the staff in there. A few minutes later, the nurse came again saying the MICU Duty Doctor wants to meet me, I went to meet him and repeated our concerns, I told him that I will not let the previous Doctor who had pricked Mom thrice to collect her blood sample to perform any procedure on her. I also told him that I will not let my mom’s arms be pricked again as they are anyways so bruised that she is crying in pain.

This MICU Duty Doctor then began his exercise of terrifying me further by saying that, “your mom’s bones are leaching calcium and her blood has started to thicken up and that is the reason, my colleague was having troubles drawing out blood from her body for blood sample analysis”. I was adamant, come what may, I will not allow my mom’s blood to be withdrawn through another painful piercing done on the veins of her arms. The MICU Duty Doctor then assured me that he will perform the procedure, gently, from mom’s inner thigh area. I spoke to my mom about it and we both agreed to let him do so. The procedure was performed and mom did not experience any pain during it. I thanked the doctor and went back to my chair in the Attendants’ lounge, picking up my diary again to scribble those questions I had planned to ask the Doctors next day on mummy’s ailment and line of treatment.


28th July 2012 (Day 3 at Hospital No.3)
So much had happened in the previous two days. Soon after I saw the Doctors arriving that morning in the Hospital, I rushed to personally request H-1 not to use the term “blood cancer” in front of my mother, I requested him to allow me to “break the news to her instead” and pissed off H-1 told me, “No No, it is our duty to tell the patient the truth, we can’t hide it from her”. I felt disgusted thinking to myself that if ‘truth’ was of such paramount significance to these Doctors then the previous day should not have been such a torrid one for Mummy and me.

I understood that H-1 will indeed use this term in front of my mother, this is the Doctor’s way of building up fear psychosis in patients and their caretakers, and it is an ugly tactic that most medics resort to these days. I rushed to meet Mom and gently told her that, the name of the disease she was suffering from has been diagnosed and it is called Multiple Myeloma and some may refer to it as a type of Blood Cancer and that she should not panic if H-1 or any of the doctors tries to scare her using this term ‘cancer’. I also added on that it is a ‘slow progressing ailment which can be treated, as I had done some reading on it last night’.

My assumption was true, for indeed H-1 and N-3 who accompanied him kept harping on the word ‘cancer’ in front of Mummy that morning. Soon H-1 left and then I went and told N-3 that I had some questions to ask of her regarding the medication they are planning, sheepishly she told me that I can ask those questions off her. She did answer those questions of mine, some satisfactorily and some unsatisfactorily and then went off telling me sternly, “you should not be reading up on the Internet so much”…I didn’t answer her back for I knew she was irritated by my questions. So be it, I thought and went back to Mom’s bedside.

Post the Doctor’s visit that morning, I was told that GI-1 had to perform Sigmoidoscopy on my mom to identify the cause of rectal bleeding. They were unable to perform the procedure the previous day as my mom’s bowel had turned irritable following the PEGLAC they made her drink. Again, I assertively told the doctors that I will not allow my Mom to be given that PEGLAC Solution for clearing her stomach, all over again, so it would be better if they could think of an alternate way to clear her bowel. The Doctors soon got back to me saying that they would administer ‘Enema’ instead and then GI-1 will perform the procedure. I gave my consent for it. As per what I read over the Internet, “Enema refers to a fluid being injected into the lower bowel by way of the rectum for bowel cleansing before a medical examination or procedure”.

I was later informed that “a solitary rectal ulcer was detected through sigmoidoscopy and tissue biopsies were also taken, the results of which are awaited”. On reading up the internet again, I made my own interpretation of the finding of the Sigmoidoscopy performed on her and it was that perhaps Mom had a “Solitary Rectal Ulcer”, which burst under the stress she was experiencing while waiting in the OPD area the other day when I brought her over to get her admitted at Hospital No. 3; it was the stress-induced bursting of that Solitary Rectal ulcer that had called the rectal bleeding in that OPD Toilet!

I asked N-3 as to when will they shift my Mother to a private ward, she was no longer in need of intensive care so they should shift her out of the MICU now! She nodded and told me they will ask the staff to do so as soon as the room became available.

29th July 2012 (Day 4 at Hospital No.3)
In the morning, under N-3 and H-1’s instructions, my mother was administered 40mg of Dexamethasone (Injection under the brand name of ‘Dexona’) through I/V or Intravenous route. It was only towards the evening that day, that I was told that a private ward is now available and they are shifting my mother in it. I was thrilled as for the first time in two months I could now hug Mom and be with her uninterrupted.

I need to mention here that on Day 2 under the guidance of the person who had done my Mom and ours Medical Insurance, I had also filled up the form and done the formalities for us availing of the ‘Mediclaim’ for this period of Hospital stay and also marked down my preference of the ward that we intended to have. Much like Hotels, these hospitals also have various categories of Private Rooms one can opt for depending on the luxury being sought!

The other good news of the day was that my mom’s Creatinine levels had begun to drop implying Dexamethasone administration had helped clear the clogged tubules in mom’s kidneys.

30th July, 31st July 2012 and 1st August 2012 (Day 5-7 at Hospital No.3)




These days passed by smoothly. A full body skeletal survey was performed on Mummy on 30th July 2012. I share below the snapshots from the Discharge summary that was given to us on 1st August 2012 as we made our way back home.




On 1st August 2012, H-1 came to meet us in our Hospital Room and the first question he asked us was, “how much medical insurance cover does your Mom have?It was only later that we learnt why do Doctors ask that, because once they know the figure you have insured yourself for, they know this much amount you can fleece the patient off. Mummy answered that question of his and he asked us to report to Oncology Day Care at Hospital No. 3 next week and we said we would.

I was also taught to check Mom’s Random Blood Sugar (RBS) Levels and administer Insulin doses on my mother’s stomach by the Dietitian that day after she briefed us on the diet that we need to follow for Mom.

My mother’s blood reports from 26th July 2012 till 1st August 2012

The summary of medical procedures performed by Doctors at Hospital No. 3 during 26th July-1st August 2012, and their key findings, are summarized below:

 
The medicines to be given to Mummy and instructions with regard to her diet that we received from Hospital No. 3 on Mom’s discharge from there are shared below. Please note here that Inj. Engerix B vaccine (that you see mentioned below) is the name of the Hepatitis B Vaccination that Mummy was taking as per a 4-vaccine schedule and Calcirol was the name of the Vitamin D supplement that she was advised to take:


Once back home on 1st August 2012, Mummy was overjoyed; 2nd August 2012 was “Rakshabandhan” festival and we celebrated it well.

However, the over-exertion and over-excitement took a toll on Mom’s health the next day and Mummy reported high fever in spurts from 3rd till 6th August 2012, which used to subside after I used to give her a cold compress with bandages dipped in chilled water. On the advice of N-3 to whom I was reporting her daily RBS levels and health over telephonic smses, mummy was put on an antibiotic course of Augmentin 625 and Ciplox 500 mg (both tablets, twice daily) for 5 days and Crocin tablets on an SOS basis.

On 6th August 2012, we visited the Oncology Day Care Unit at Hospital No.3 to start Mummy’s treatment for Multiple Myeloma under the supervision of H-1; but our experience that day was torrid, the whole atmosphere in that Day Care Unit was designed to build up the anxiety levels of patients and their caretakers, there were patients all around, some on the bed, some on recliners, there were different rates for opting for the bed or the recliner, there was suffering all over, from young and bald 7 year old child to young newly married man with testicular cancer to old people, it was painful, heart-breaking; we completed the paper work and opted for a recliner. A nurse came and checked my mother’s Blood Pressure, it was low at 90/60, the sister informed the Doctor H-1, he got the Nurse to put her on a Saline Drip right there on the Recliner, they checked the BP again after a while, it was the same. H-1 now insisted that this was serious and I should get Mummy admitted in the Hospital again, “as low BP will lead to sepsis etc., oral antibiotics would not be enough and IV Administration is a must!” We said we won’t and we actually ran away, “discharged on request on our own risk”, as Hospital No. 3 termed it.

On 7th August, 2012, we visited Hospital No. 3 again and met another Gastroenterologist, we named GI-2, for a review of the Rectal Biopsy report we had just collected from the Hospital, the report suspected Rectal Tuberculosis and GI-2 asked Mom to take AKT-4 tablets daily without fail every day as she woke up. These were big fat tablets and needless to say, Mom hated it all, but she often joked, that  "I went to the Hospital seemingly fine and came back home with Cancer, Ulcer, TB"!

Tuesday 24 April 2018

What next?...Serum Protein Electrophoresis and Serum Immunofixation Electrophoresis


Moving on…once the cause of Chronic Kidney Disease or CKD as the Doctors write it in the prescription sheet was identified by the Lady Nephrologist i.e. N-3 at Hospital No. 3, she advised my mother to go for a Diagnostic test called “Serum Protein Electrophoresis or SPEP” to test for the presence of M Protein or M-Spike in her Urine

She told my mother and my brother that it is the results of the SPEP Tests that will determine the future course of treatments. She got two SPEP Tests done, one on 18th July 2012 which showed an M-Spike and then to eliminate any false positive, on the 21st July 2012, the Doctor ordered that the SPEP be performed again along with another Test termed “SIFE” i.e. Serum Protein Immunofixation Electrophoresis.

To read more about SPEP and SIFE, please read through this link on tests to find out Multiple Myeloma, which is also added in our BlogRoll. 
On 26th July 2012, the day I was due to return from my European travels, my brother picked me up from the Airport that afternoon and we went straight to Hospital No. 3, collected the reports and went and met N-3 to collect all reports and understand the steps forward that we both could undertake to help heal our mother.

SPEP report for Mom's samples collected on 18th July 2012


SPEP report for Mom's samples collected on 21st July 2012
Mom’s SIFE report for samples collected on 21st July 2012 


After seeing the findings of the above three reports, N-3 told me and my brother that, “the problem in your mother’s kidneys are due to some other disease, a blood-related disorder and to diagnose the same, you need to get her admitted as soon as possible, may be today itself so that our Hematologist-on-board can perform a Bone-marrow Biopsy on her”.

I and my brother decided on the way to our home that I will convince mom to get admitted later that evening. I reached home, after almost two months, to find my mother having lost oodles of weight because she was on that starving no salt, no sugar, and no protein diet she was put on by the Nephrology Team at Hospital No. 2.


Shocked at seeing her looking so weak, I hugged her tight and then saw the lunch she had lovingly prepared for me with all my favourite dishes, hand-cooked by her. With the N-3’s words ringing my mind, I was feeling so choked that it was difficult to swallow even a bite. My mom does not like it if we don’t eat our meals well, she didn’t like the way I was eating tiny portions that afternoon either, after all I was back home after about two months and she had prepared a love filled meal for me that day. I tried to tell her what the Doctor told us and convinced her to please listen to me and my brother and pack her bag for getting admitted at Hospital No.3. Very reluctantly, she agreed. I also packed a mini bag, picked up all her reports and then drove her to Hospital No. 3. 

How a Pill ruined Mom's kidneys over two decades?


The biggest revelation that Nephrologist No. 3 (N-3) at Hospital No. 3 made to us was that "It was my mother’s prolonged use and consumption of a painkiller drug by the name of Brufen or Ibuprofen that had caused her Chronic Kidney Disease/CKD".

The story behind my mom and her relationship with Brufen tablets goes as follows:

My Mother gave normal birth to my younger brother, but since the Delivery was a Dry one, she suffered severe back pain during that time. To help her heal, the Gynaecologist  had advised my mother to undergo Physiotherapy. The first day she went for her Physiotherapy session, I had a fall, my grandparents could not look after me even for those few hours; my mom returned to see a gaping bleeding wound on my forehead and then rushed me, her 3 year old to the Doctor to get me stitched up. That was the first and last day of her Physiotherapy sessions.

And from that day onwards, my Mummy had brought me and my brother up as a Single Mother and a working one at that, she had been toiling away bringing us up and working simultaneously over 26 long years since that day at N-3’s cabin…and in those 26 years, for a prolonged period of over 10 years she was gulping a tablet called BRUFEN or IBUPROFEN* like a toffee candy  multiple times in a day to numb the pain in her bones and spinal region, that would enable her to continue with her daily chores which even included looking after my father’s parents and other family members. By ‘looking after’ all, I mean that she was doing most of the cooking and laundry of all family members besides looking after her children’s needs and those of the house and its maintenance along with toiling away physically managing a Business-which was started by my father and not meant to be commanded or managed by a woman in the first place, still my mom was courageously doing it all, as I can say now, at the cost of her own health and happiness.

My very selfish, self-obsessed and self-centered father was least concerned about her health issues, he used to visit us sporadically twice a year only to meet all his relatives out here in Delhi. Both I and my brother were too young and naive to help our mother during her bouts of pain, which we frequently used to see in all these years growing up. She also used to ask us both to massage her back and sometimes hit it with our fists to help ease her pain. She often used to get Neurobion injections as well to help her aching spine. It was only in 1999 when my mother was popping a Brufen on a bus ride, a senior lady seated next to her advised her not to do so if she valued her life!

*Now to come to the point, BRUFEN belongs to a class of NSAIDs i.e. Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs which are commonly used as Over-the-counter Painkillers. Research worldwide has proved, though not conclusively that, heavy or long-term use of some of these medicines, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and higher dose aspirin, can cause chronic kidney disease known as chronic interstitial nephritis, which in simple English of a non-medical author like me means that, since these medicines are excreted through the Kidneys, they have the capacity to damage the kidney filters in a way that the kidney starts loosen its ability to filter out toxins from the blood because either the filters are damaged or blocked. A link to one such reference article is https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/painmeds_analgesics

Later, in the month of August 2015, Delhi Government made NSAIDs including Brufen, a prescription drug and Chemists were barred from giving it Over-the-Counter to anyone not having a prescription from a registered Doctor for the same. (News reference link: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/delhi-government-bans-over-the-counter-sale-of-nsaids-without-prescription/articleshow/48441880.cms)

Mom's Kidneys


In my absence, my mom decided that it was high time and she should get herself checked up by a Gynecologist and get all medical tests done that a woman should ideally in her Menopausal stage, so she chose to visit Hospital (Hospital No.1) near our home and got her Intrauterine Copper-T device removed and also got her basic Blood tests done which include CBC: Complete Blood Count, KFT: Kidney Function Test and LFT: Liver Function Test and also Thyroid and Lipid Profiles; to her shock, almost every count came abnormal, but the worst were the kidney counts with Creatinine values as high as 2.6 and also increased Blood Urea and Uric Acid levels which were perhaps resulting in the bitter taste in her mouth all-the-time.

What next? My mom chose to go to Hospital No.2.

One of my cousin’s wife is a Doctor who is the head of the Blood Bank in Hospital no.2 and in my physical absence, she thought seeking my cousin sister-in-law’s advice will be helpful in getting herself checked up by a Nephrologist whom I will now refer to as Doctor N-1 who in a blink of an eye, upon seeing my mummy’s reports suggested that she get an Ultrasound from that Hospital. The Medical Practitioner who did my mother’s ultrasound of the Abdomen region told my mom as he was doing the Ultrasound and looking at the Display screen showing her internal organs, “it is a wonder you are still alive Aunty, as per what I am seeing, your kidneys, both of them are beyond repair and you should have been dead by now!” Who speaks that way, mummy wondered.

N-1 then told Mom to get herself admitted in that Hospital and undergo a Kidney Biopsy. And obediently so and in the meantime put my mother on a strict diet, with boiled vegetables and no sugar or salt, my mother got herself admitted and with her sister by her side she got a Kidney Biopsy done. N-1 got N-2, a senior Nephrologist who had retired from one of Delhi’s most premier Government hospitals on board as a Consultant to conduct the Biopsy. Then they told her to collect the reports some days later.

When she enquired about the reports N-1 had the cheek to tell her, “Mam, your Biopsy slides didn’t get made properly so please get yourself admitted again for another Kidney Biopsy, but otherwise we are telling you that both your kidneys are severely damaged and on the verge of failure. You should get your dialysis started immediately and start looking out for kidney donors as you would need a transplant very soon”.

Getting Biopsies, dialysis or transplants done is and never was or will be a joke for anyone, but it was astonishing to be hearing it in that cold and heartless way from a doctor of repute.

My mother’s intuition told her she was in the wrong Doctor’s hands and then through my sister-in-law, mom connected with the old senior N-2 to check if he had any spare slides of the Biopsy conducted by him, luckily he had and he willingly gave a slide that my brother went and collected from my sister-in-law.

What next now? Mummy sat pondering. She lost a lot of weight during that duration as well because of the kind of diet she was on based on the advice of N-1 at Hospital No. 2, which she had since lost faith in and abandoned!

As my mother tried to think who is the next Doctor she can possibly approach, she picked the phone up and rand a Neuro-specialist who had helped diagnose my young brother’s Ocular Myasthenia about 5 years back in Year 2007. Mummy called him and sought his help to refer her to a good Nephrologist. He referred Mummy to a lady Nephrologist Doctor working in that same hospital, he was working in. Allow me to name that (lady) Nephrologist as N-3 in Hospital No.3.

As the case is with most hospitals, which we gradually learnt, they fail to believe in Diagnostic test reports of other Hospitals and thus N-3 advised my mother to get her blood tests done from Hospital no.3 again. However, there was a bright point here amidst all the gloom that had descended, N-3 while preparing her case sheet had asked mom a lot of questions to help her understand the origins of her kidney related problems, and one of the findings and learnings that I want to share with you all follows in my next post: It is about a deadly pill that had ruined it all!

Those early days



It was the month of May 2012, I had saved enough to embark on my two month long solo trip across the European continent, had got my Visas and was so excitedly looking forward to this dream trip which was all set to begin on the 1st June 2012.

The dampener to my excitement however was that my Mummy, aged 55 years was not feeling that well in those last days on the month of May 2012, she was suffering from bone pain, digestive problems and feeling very weak. I thought she was feeling low because I was opting to go solo traveling this long, her sadness does take a toll on her health so I had reasons to believe that this too was that kind of a phase.

I told her that I will cancel my trip if she does not get well, true to her nature she started ‘acting’ fine so that I do not cancel my travel plans and went to a Doctor in the neighbourhood (Doctor P-1 who was a General Physician) to get her blood test done and started taking the medicines prescribed by him for her indigestion related problems as she was having a consistent bitter taste in her mouth and vomiting frequently (gastric reflux as he termed it). There was temporary relief but not much. Her Kidney Function Test from the Diagnostic test performed at that very Doctor’s diagnostic laboratory did reveal partially high creatinine counts which the Doctor chose to ignore and he said to my mom, “It’s all fine, just take these medicines and you will feel better. Drink lots of water.” He gave her some antacids and broad spectrum antibiotics for a week long course.

In hindsight, I was probably able to decode why he said so to mom, perhaps because he was on the Panel of a Medical Insurance company that was renewing my Mother’s Medical Health Insurance at that time and my Mother’s insurance premium not going to that Insurance Company would have robbed him of his referral commission as well.

And 1st June 2012 arrived and I boarded the flight to Heathrow and began my once-in-a-lifetime journey, praying that mummy and all my loved ones at home will remain fine while I live my dream over the next two months.